1. Emergency Department; Tamworth Rural Referral Hospital; Tamworth; New South Wales; Australia
2. Department of Emergency Services; Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne; Victoria; Australia
3. Ambulance Victoria; Melbourne; Victoria; Australia
4. Department of Mathematics and Statistics; La Trobe University; Melbourne; Victoria; Australia
5. Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society; Melbourne; Victoria; Australia