A nationwide Guillain–Barré syndrome epidemiological study in Spain during the COVID‐19 years

Author:

Blanco‐Ruiz Marina1,Martín‐Aguilar Lorena2ORCID,Caballero‐Ávila Marta2,Lleixà Cinta23,Pascual‐Goñi Elba2ORCID,Collet‐Vidiella Roger2,Tejada‐Illa Clara2,Turon‐Sans Janina23,Carbayo Álvaro2,Llansó Laura2,Cortés Elena23ORCID,Amaya Pascasio Laura1,Querol Luis23ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Neurology Hospital Universitario Torrecárdenas Almeria Spain

2. Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Spain

3. Centro para la Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) Madrid Spain

Abstract

AbstractBackground and purposeThe purpose was to perform a nationwide epidemiological study of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) in Spain, analysing background incidences and seasonal variation and trying to identify incidence changes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) years.MethodsThis was an observational study collecting all GBS diagnoses from the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network collected by the Ministry of Health. Patients discharged with GBS as the main diagnosis and admitted during 2018–2021 were included. Data on the incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infections were obtained from the National Epidemiology Centre.ResultsIn total, 3147 cases were included, 832 in 2018, 861 in 2019, 670 in 2020 and 784 in 2021. Nationwide hospital incidence was 1.78 in 2018, 1.71 in 2019, 1.41 in 2020 and 1.66 in 2021, with an increased frequency in males, the elderly population and in the winter season. Eleven per cent of GBS patients needed ventilatory support. GBS and SARS‐CoV‐2 incidences did not correlate with one another (r = −0.29, p = 0.36). GBS incidence decreased during 2020 and during the COVID‐19 lockdown period in comparison to the same months of 2018–2019.ConclusionsThe incidence of GBS in Spain is similar to that of other countries. Despite prior reports describing a significant increase in COVID‐19‐associated GBS in Spain, a significant drop of GBS incidence during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic was detected, probably due to prevention measures.

Funder

GBS/CIDP Foundation International

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Publisher

Wiley

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