Evaluation of the pattern of fracture formation from trauma to the human mandible with finite element analysis. Part 2: The corpus and the angle regions

Abstract

AbstractBackground/AimsAlthough the mandible is the largest and strongest bone of the facial skeleton, it is frequently broken. The fracture location in the mandible depends on the biomechanical features, direction and angle of the trauma, and masticatory muscles. This study aimed to evaluate the stresses caused by trauma to the corpus and angle regions from different angles.Materials and MethodsAfter computer‐based mandible models were created using finite element analysis, a force of 2000 Newton(N) was simulated with the mouth open or closed to the corpus and the angle. To the corpus: at 90° (Model 1) in the lateromedial direction, 45° (Model 2) in the lateromedial–inferosuperior direction, and 90° (Model 3) in the inferosuperior direction. To angle: 90° (Model 4) in the lateromedial direction and 45° (Model 5) in the lateromedial–inferosuperior direction. The resulting stress intensity was assessed using FEA.ResultsFollowing the simulated forces, the maximum stress in the mandible occurred in the condylar region, except in Model 3 (Left(L)Corpus2[36 megapascals(MPa)]) in the mouth‐closed condition. After traumas in Model 1 (open‐mouth: LCondyle2[547 MPa]) and Model 4 (closed‐mouth: LCondyle2[607 MPa]), higher stress values occurred in the condyle. In the mouth open‐closed state, there was no significant stress change in the condyle region in Model 1 (open‐mouth: LCondyle2[547 MPa], closed‐mouth:LCondyle2[546 MPa]) or in Model 2 (open mouth: Right(R)Condyle2[431 MPa], closed‐mouth:LCondyle2[439 MPa]). In Model 3, lower stress values occurred in the closed‐mouth rather than the open‐mouth (LCondyle1[167 MPa]) state. In Models 4 and 5, the stress values increased in the mouth‐closed condition compared with the mouth‐open condition.ConclusionsStress in the mandible is affected by the location of the trauma and the angle of incidence of the blow. In trauma to both the corpus and the angle, the most common area to be fractured is the condyle.