1. Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS); Stanford CA USA
2. Department of Methodology; London School of Economics and Political Science; London UK
3. Departments of Medicine of Health Research and Policy, and of Biomedical Data Science; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
4. Department of Statistics; Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences; Stanford CA USA
5. Division of Epidemiology; Department of Health Research and Policy; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
6. Division of Primary Care and Population Health; Department of Medicine; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA