1. Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk analysis applied to Veterinary sciences (UREAR‐ULiège) Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Liège Liège (Sart‐Tilman) Belgium
2. Department of Entomology University of Maryland College Park MD USA
3. Faculty of Sciences Honeybee ValleyGhent University (UGent) Krijgslaan, Ghent Belgium
4. Faculty of Sciences Laboratory of Molecular Entomology and Bee Pathology Ghent University (UGent) Ghent Belgium