Prevalence and incidence of pressure injuries among nursing home residents with darker skin tones: A prospective cohort study

Abstract

AbstractAimTo measure the prevalence and incidence of nursing home‐acquired pressure injuries in older adults residing in Sri Lankan nursing homes.BackgroundPressure injury prevalence and incidence are indicators of safety and quality of care. A significant portion of the global population has a skin color dominated by the presence of melanin. Yet, the number of nursing home residents with darker skin tones who develop pressure injuries in nursing homes is relatively unknown.DesignProspective multisite cohort study conducted in nine nursing homes in Sri Lanka. The sample comprised 210 residents aged ≥60 years old.MethodsSemi structured observations and chart audits were used to gather data from July to October 2023. Head‐to‐toe visual skin assessment to check for nursing home‐ acquired pressure injuries, Braden pressure injury risk scale and Fitzpatrick skin tone assessments were conducted on all recruited residents at baseline. All recruited residents were followed‐up weekly for 12 weeks until detection of a new pressure injury, death, discharge, or transfer.ResultsPressure injury point prevalence at baseline was 8.1% (17/210). Cumulative incidence was 17.1% (36/210). Incidence density was 15.8 per 1000 resident weeks. Most nursing home‐acquired pressure injuries were located on the ankle at baseline (29.4%; 5/17) and in the follow‐up period (27.8%; 10/36). Stage I pressure injuries were most common: 58.8% (10/17) and 44.4% (16/36) at baseline and during follow‐up respectively.ConclusionsAbout one in six nursing home residents developed a new pressure injury over the 12‐week follow‐up period. Despite staff and resource constraints, there remains a need to focus on the prevention of pressure injuries in Sri Lankan nursing homes.Clinical RelevanceStudies on the burden of pressure injuries among darker skin tone nursing home residents are lacking and the current evidence available are predominantly from Western countries. The findings of this study highlight the need of targeted preventive measures for nursing home residents with darker skin tones.