Effect of environmental and spatial factors on the phylogenetic and functional diversity of the Mediterranean tree communities of Europe

Author:

Albassatneh M. C.12,Dubuisson J.‐Y.1,Escudero M.3,Fady B.4ORCID,Ponger L.5,Muller S.1

Affiliation:

1. Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles Paris France

2. Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences iEES, Sorbonne University Paris France

3. Department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of Seville Seville Spain

4. INRAE, Ecology of Mediterranean Forests URFM Avignon France

5. Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, “Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle” (MNHN) CNRS Paris France

Abstract

Abstract The tree flora of the Mediterranean Basin contains an outstanding taxonomic richness and a high proportion of endemic taxa. Contrary to other regions of the Mediterranean biome, a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the relationship between phylogenetic diversity, trait diversity and environmental factors in a spatial ecological context is lacking. We inferred the first calibrated phylogeny of 203 native tree species occurring in the European Mediterranean Basin based on 12 DNA regions. Using a set of four functional traits, we computed phylogenetic diversity for all 10,042 grid cells of 10 × 10 km spatial resolution to completely cover Mediterranean Europe. Then, we tested the spatial influence of environmental factors on tree diversity. Our results suggest that the nature of the relationship between traits and phylogeny varies among the different studied traits and according to the evolutionary distance considered. Phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity of European Mediterranean trees correlated strongly with species richness. High values of these diversity indices were located in the north of the study area, at high altitude, and minimum temperature of the coldest month. In contrast, the two phylogenetic indices that were not correlated with species richness (Mean Phylogenetic Distance, Phylogenetic Species Variability) were located in the south of the study area and were positively correlated with high altitude, soil organic carbon stock and sand soil texture. Our study provides support for the use of phylogenies in conservation biology to assess ecosystem functioning, and provides insights for the implementation of sustainable forest ecosystem management.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Plant Science,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics,General Medicine

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