Affiliation:
1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics Umeå University Umeå Sweden
2. Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Umeå University Umeå Sweden
Abstract
AbstractAimThe burden of respiratory disease is great among children. This study aimed to examine the temporal relationship between hospitalisation for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and bacterial pneumonia.MethodsA Swedish population‐based cohort was created by combining data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the National Inpatient Register, the Cause of Death Register, the Total Population Register, and the Longitudinal Integration Database for Health Insurance and Labour Market Studies. Children born between 1998 and 2015 were included and followed for 2 years. We examined the temporal relationship between RSV hospitalisation and bacterial pneumonia using piecewise exponential models.ResultsThe final cohort comprised 1 641 747 children, 48.5% were females. There were 23 632 RSV and 4722 bacterial pneumonia hospitalisations, with mean age of 137.8 and 424.2 days, respectively. RSV hospitalisation was associated with bacterial pneumonia with an adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) of 3.18. The risk was highest in the first month after RSV hospitalisation, aIRR 11.19. The risk of bacterial pneumonia was elevated for 4 months after RSV hospitalisation and before RSV hospitalisation.ConclusionWe found an increased risk for bacterial pneumonia hospitalisation in children hospitalised for RSV both before and after RSV hospitalisation, indicating a bidirectional relationship.