1. Department of Earth Sciences; St. Anthony Falls Laboratory; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
2. MINES ParisTech; PSL Research University; Centre de Géosciences; 35 rue Saint Honoré 77305 Fontainebleau France
3. Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; No. 1 Daxue Road, East District Tainan City Taiwan 701
4. Department of Geology; Western Washington University; 516 High Street Bellingham WA 98225 USA
5. Technology Research; Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation; 1-2-2 Hamada, Mihama-ku Chiba-city Chiba 261-0025 Japan