Is HbA1c associated with birth weight? A multivariable analysis of Pakistani pregnant women

Author:

Silke Olivia1ORCID,Yim Ilona S.1,Shaikh Kiran2,Lalani Sharifa2,Ghani Farooq2,Wanyonyi Sikolia3,Samia Pauline4,Merali Mohamoud5,Omuse Geoffrey6,Okoko Christine6,Forcheh Ntonghanwah7,Premji Shahirose S.8,

Affiliation:

1. Department of Psychological Science University of California Irvine Irvine California USA

2. School of Nursing and Midwifery Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan

3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi Kenya

4. Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi Kenya

5. Department of Counselling & Clinical Psychology Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi Kenya

6. Department of Pathology Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi Kenya

7. School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada

8. School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada

Abstract

AbstractAimGlobally, one in seven infants is born with low birth weight and 3%–7% of infants are born with high birth weight, with the greatest burden noted in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This study investigated the association between maternal prenatal glucose regulation and birth weight and the moderating effect of fetal sex among Pakistani women.MethodsSecondary data from a prospective longitudinal study of healthy pregnant women from Pakistan (N = 189) was used. Participants provided a blood sample (12–19 weeks' gestational age) for the assessment of HbA1c (%). Birth weight (g) was collected following delivery.ResultsHigher maternal HbA1c was associated with higher birth weight (b = 181.81, t[189] = 2.15, p = 0.03), which was moderated by fetal sex (b = −326.27, t[189] = −2.47, p = 0.02), after adjusting for gestational age at birth, ethnicity, and pregnancy weight. Among women carrying a male fetus, every 1% increase in HbA1c predicted a 182 g increase in birth weight (b = 181.81, t[189] = 2.15, p = 0.03).ConclusionsResults extend research from high‐income countries and indicate that fetal sex may have implications for glucose regulation in early to mid‐pregnancy. Future research should examine sociocultural factors, which could elucidate potential mediating factors in the relation between HbA1c and birth weight in healthy pregnancies.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Obstetrics and Gynecology

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