1. Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
2. Division of Diabetes and Obesity Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
3. Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
4. Research Unit of Advanced Interdisciplinary Care Science Osaka City University Graduate School of Human Life Science Osaka Japan
5. Department of Public Health and Hygiene University of the Ryukyus Graduate School of Medicine Nishihara Japan
6. The Hokkaido Centre for Family Medicine Sapporo Japan
7. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama City University Yokohama Japan