1. Environmental Geography Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life SciencesVrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
2. Center for Strategic Research ProjectUniversity of the Ryukyus Nishihara Okinawa Japan
3. Faculty of ScienceUniversity of the Ryukyus Nishihara Okinawa Japan
4. Department of Mountain and Environmental Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and TechnologyShinshu University Matsumoto, Nagano Japan
5. Marine and Terrestrial Field Ecology, Tropical Biosphere Research CenterUniversity of the Ryukyus Nishihara Okinawa Japan
6. Finnish Natural History Museum, and the Department of GeosciencesUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland