Prenatal two‐and three‐dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of ductal anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery: Case report and literature review

Abstract

AbstractAlthough the ductal anomalous origin of the pulmonary artery (DOPA) constitutes a rare heart anomaly, this malformation has a high mortality rate due to the rapid development of pulmonary hypertension(PTH) and right heart failure. Case Presentation: We report a case of DOPA, in which ductus arteriosus originated from the left pulmonary artery. This article summarizes the embryogenesis, clinical manifestations, complications and prognosis, diagnosis and experience, and treatment strategies of DOPA. The most fundamental sonographic finding was the lack of confluence at the bifurcation of the main pulmonary artery. Scanning upper mediastinum views is essential for the diagnosis. In addition, three‐dimensional echocardiography with high‐definition flow imaging and spatio‐temporal image correlation technique facilitates the identification of the anomalous origin of the pulmonary artery. It should be considered a complementary modality in fetal cardiac examinations. Although rare, DOPA can be diagnosed prenatally, usually at the three‐vessel view (3VV). The early diagnosis of DOPA thus can prevent the potentially devastating effects of PHT and right heart failure.