Affiliation:
1. Altrecht Institute for Mental Health Care Utrecht The Netherlands
2. Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands
3. Clinical Psychology Unit Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
Abstract
AbstractIntroductionAlthough there are several psychological theories on bipolar disorders (BD), the empirical evidence on these theories through experimental studies is still limited. The current study systematically reviews experimental methods used in studies on the main theories of BD: Reward Hypersensitivity Theory (RST) or Behavioral Activation System (BAS), Integrative Cognitive Model (ICM), Positive Emotion Persistence (PEP), Manic Defense theory (MD), and Mental Imagery (MI). The primary aim is to provide an overview of the used methods and to identify limitations and suggest areas of improvement.MethodsA systematic search of six databases until October 2023 was conducted. Study selection involved two independent reviewers extracting data on experimental study design and methodology.ResultsA total of 84 experimental studies were reviewed. BAS and RST were the most frequently studied theories. The majority of these experimental studies focus on mechanisms of reward sensitivity. Other important elements of the reviewed theories, such as goal setting and—attainment, situation selection (avoidance or approach), activation, affective/emotional reactivity, and regulatory strategies, are understudied. Self‐report and neuropsychological tasks are most often used, while mood induction and physiological measures are rarely used.ConclusionThere is a need for more consensus on the operationalization of psychological theories of mania. Standardization of test batteries could improve comparability among studies and foster a more systematic approach to experimental research. Research on affective (activated) states is still underrepresented in comparison with studies on trait vulnerabilities.