Clinical findings, surgical techniques, prognostic factors for short‐term survival and long‐term outcome in horses with acquired inguinal hernias: Ninety‐eight cases (2005–2020)

Abstract

AbstractObjectiveTo report findings, outcome and determine variables associated with survival in horses with acquired inguinal hernia (AIH).Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsA total of 98 cases in 97 horses.MethodsThe medical records (2005–2020) of horses diagnosed with AIH were reviewed. Retrieved data included signalment, history, clinical variables, surgical aspects, postoperative complications, and short‐ and long‐term outcomes. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with short‐term survival (p < .05).ResultsManual reduction was attempted in a third of the cases (32/98, 33%) and emergency surgery to reduce the hernia was performed in 64 of 98 (65%) cases. Concurrent small intestinal (SI) volvulus was identified in 26 (26/98, 27%) cases. Castration was the most common technique used to prevent recurrence (64/94, 68%). Overall AIH recurrence rate was 11% (11/98). A total of 59 (59/98, 60%) cases survived to hospital discharge and 49 of 52 (94%) cases were still alive after 12 months. Cases admitted within 10 h of colic signs had increased odds of survival (72%) compared to those admitted after 10 h (26%;p < .001). Draft breeds (p = .021), high heart rate on admission (p = .001) and concurrent SI volvulus (p = .048) were associated with reduced survival to hospital discharge.ConclusionsHorses with AIH had a higher risk of concurrent SI volvulus and lower survival than reported. Draft breeds, high heart rate on admission and concurrent SI volvulus were associated with reduced short‐term survival.Clinical significanceThe results of this study should help in prognostication for horses with AIH.