Sex differences in deleterious genetic variants in a haplodiploid social insect

Author:

Miller Sara E.12ORCID,Sheehan Michael J.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Laboratory for Animal Social Evolution and Recognition, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Cornell University Ithaca New York USA

2. Department of Biology University of Missouri St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA

Abstract

AbstractDeleterious variants are selected against but can linger in populations at low frequencies for long periods of time, decreasing fitness and contributing to disease burden in humans and other species. Deleterious variants occur at low frequency but distinguishing deleterious variants from low‐frequency neutral variation is challenging based on population genomics data alone. As a result, we have little sense of the number and identity of deleterious variants in wild populations. For haplodiploid species, it has been hypothesised that deleterious alleles will be directly exposed to selection in haploid males, but selection can be masked in diploid females when deleterious variants are recessive, resulting in more efficient purging of deleterious mutations in males. Therefore, comparisons of the differences between haploid and diploid genomes from the same population may be a useful method for inferring rare deleterious variants. This study provides the first formal test of this hypothesis. Using wild populations of Northern paper wasps (Polistes fuscatus), we find that males have fewer missense and nonsense variants per generation than females from the same population. Allele frequency differences are especially pronounced for rare missense and nonsense variants and these differences lead to a lower mutational load in males than females. Based on these data we infer that many highly deleterious mutations are segregating in the paper wasp population. Stronger selection against deleterious alleles in haploid males may have implications for adaptation in other haplodiploid insects and provides evidence that wild populations harbour abundant deleterious variants.

Funder

Directorate for Biological Sciences

NIH Office of the Director

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Genetics,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Reference51 articles.

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