1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
2. Cardiovascular Research Center National Yang‐Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
3. School of Medicine, College of Medicine National Yang‐Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
4. Cardiovascular Center Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan
5. College of Medicine Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
6. Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan