Prevention of internal bacterial colonization of dental implants: A comparative longitudinal observational study

Abstract

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies have indicated a progressive internal bacterial colonization of implants and possible implications for peri‐implant bone loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate a decontamination protocol, two disinfectants, and a sealant for their ability to prevent such a colonization.Materials and MethodsBacterial samples were harvested from the peri‐implant sulcus (external) and following abutment removal from the implant cavity (internal) during routine supportive peri‐implant care in 30 edentulous patients 2 years after they had obtained two implants. In a split‐mouth design, implants were randomly assigned to receive either internal decontamination alone (10% H2O2, brush) or additional placement of either sealant (GS), disinfectant agent (CHX‐varnish) or disinfectant gel (1% CHX‐gel), in the internal cavity before remounting of abutment/suprastructure. Twelve months later, internal and external sampling was repeated. Total bacterial counts (TBCs) were determined using real‐time PCR in a total of 240 samples (eight per patient).ResultsTotal bacterial counts in the internal cavity significantly reduced overall treatment modalities 1 year after the treatments (4.0 [2.3–6.9]‐fold reduction; p = .000). No significant differences between the four treatment types were found (p = .348). Comparison of internal and external sampling points revealed significant correlation (R2 = .366; p = .000) with systematically higher TBC counts in external samples.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that the use of disinfectant agents or a sealant did not show an additional benefit in the prevention of internal bacterial colonization of implants compared to a decontamination protocol alone.