Combined microneedling with topical vitamin D3 or bimatoprost versus microneedling alone in the treatment of alopecia areata: A comparative randomized trial

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionAlopecia areata (AA) is a challenging disease with variable treatment outcomes. Hair follicles express vitamin D receptors. Therefore, vitamin D3 may be promising for AA treatment through immunomodulatory mechanisms. The efficacy of bimatoprost in scalp AA treatment was reported by few studies.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of microneedling (MN) with topical vitamin D3 versus MN with bimatoprost in comparison with MN alone in the treatment of localized AA.Patients and MethodsSeventy‐five patients with localized AA were divided into three groups. The first group: 25 patients were treated with MN alone. The second group: 25 patients treated with MN combined with topical vitamin D3. The third group: 25 patients treated with MN combined with bimatoprost solution. The response was evaluated clinically and dermoscopically.ResultsAt the end of the study, all groups showed a statistically significant decrease in the SALT score compared to the baseline. The clinical response (regrowth scale): vitamin D and bimatoprost groups showed a statistically significant higher regrowth scale compared to MN alone group (p‐value = 0.000). After treatment, hair regrowth was significantly higher in MN combined with bimatoprost than in MN combined with topical vitamin D3. However, after 3 months of follow‐up, there was no statistically significant difference between both groups. Side effects were mild and transient in all groups.ConclusionTopical vitamin D3 and bimatoprost combined with MN are safe and effective therapeutic options for localized AA.