Efficacy and safety of established and off‐label ADHD drug therapies for cognitive impairment or attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in bipolar disorder: A systematic review by the ISBD Targeting Cognition Task Force

Author:

Miskowiak Kamilla W.12ORCID,Obel Zacharias K.12,Guglielmo Riccardo34ORCID,Bonnin Caterina del Mar5,Bowie Christopher R.6ORCID,Balanzá‐Martínez Vicent7,Burdick Katherine E.89ORCID,Carvalho Andre F.10ORCID,Dols Annemieke11,Douglas Katie12ORCID,Gallagher Peter13,Kessing Lars V.214ORCID,Lafer Beny15ORCID,Lewandowski Kathryn E.816ORCID,López‐Jaramillo Carlos17,Martinez‐Aran Anabel5,McIntyre Roger S.18ORCID,Porter Richard J.12ORCID,Purdon Scot E.19ORCID,Schaffer Ayal20ORCID,Stokes Paul R. A.21ORCID,Sumiyoshi Tomiki22ORCID,Torres Ivan J.23,Van Rheenen Tamsyn E.2425,Yatham Lakshmi N.23ORCID,Young Allan H.21,Vieta Eduard5ORCID,Hasler Gregor3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorders (NEAD) Centre, Department of Psychology University of Copenhagen | Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark

2. Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark

3. Psychiatry Research Unit University of Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland

4. Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry University of Genoa Genoa Italy

5. Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM Barcelona Spain

6. Department of Psychology Queen's University Kingston Canada

7. Department of Medicine University of Valencia Valencia Spain

8. Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA

9. Department of Psychiatry Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA

10. IMPACT Strategic Research Centre (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia

11. Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands

12. Department of Psychological Medicine University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand

13. Faculty of Medical Sciences Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne UK

14. Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark

15. Bipolar Disorder Research Program Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil

16. McLean Hospital, Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program Belmont Massachusetts USA

17. Research Group in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry Universidad de Antioquia Medellín Colombia

18. Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation University of Toronto Toronto Canada

19. Department of Psychiatry University of Alberta Edmonton Canada

20. Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Canada

21. Department of Psychological Medicine Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London London UK

22. Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo Japan

23. Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

24. Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry University of Melbourne Carlton Australia

25. Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design Swinburne University Melbourne Australia

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundAbnormalities in dopamine and norepinephrine signaling are implicated in cognitive impairments in bipolar disorder (BD) and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This systematic review by the ISBD Targeting Cognition Task Force therefore aimed to investigate the possible benefits on cognition and/or ADHD symptoms and safety of established and off‐label ADHD therapies in BD.MethodsWe included studies of ADHD medications in BD patients, which involved cognitive and/or safety measures. We followed the procedures of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 statement. Searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO from inception until June 2023. Two authors reviewed the studies independently using the Revised Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool for Randomized trials.ResultsSeventeen studies were identified (N = 2136), investigating armodafinil (k = 4, N = 1581), methylphenidate (k = 4, N = 84), bupropion (k = 4, n = 249), clonidine (k = 1, n = 70), lisdexamphetamine (k = 1, n = 25), mixed amphetamine salts (k = 1, n = 30), or modafinil (k = 2, n = 97). Three studies investigated cognition, four ADHD symptoms, and 10 the safety. Three studies found treatment‐related ADHD symptom reduction: two involved methylphenidate and one amphetamine salts. One study found a trend towards pro‐cognitive effects of modafinil on some cognitive domains. No increased risk of (hypo)mania was observed. Five studies had low risk of bias, eleven a moderate risk, and one a serious risk of bias.ConclusionsMethylphenidate or mixed amphetamine salts may improve ADHD symptoms in BD. However, there is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness on cognition. The medications produced no increased mania risk when used alongside mood stabilizers. Further robust studies are needed to assess cognition in BD patients receiving psychostimulant treatment alongside mood stabilizers.

Publisher

Wiley

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