1. “Ship Operational Characteristics Study on the Operational Characteristics of the Surface Combatant of the Year 2010,” Chief of Naval Operations, Staff (OP-03K), 26 April, 1988.
2. Public Law 95-485 of 1978 included the language “It is the policy of the United States to modernize the combatant forces of the United States Navy through the construction of advanced, versatile, survivable, and cost-effective combatant ships in sufficient numbers… the Navy should develop plans and programs for the construction and deployment of weapons systems, including naval aviation platforms, that are more survivable, less costly, and more effective…” [emphasis added].
3. Public Law 99-718 of 1987, under section 2366 of Chapter 139 of Title 10, U.S. code, addresses “Major systems and munitions programs: survivability and lethality testing; operational testing”. The law states, in part, that “a covered system may not proceed beyond low-rate initial production until realistic survivability testing of the system is completed…”.
4. OpNav Instruction 9070 of September 1988 established policy and assigned responsibility for incorporating survivability features in new surface ship design, overhauls, and new/existing combat systems and equipment.
5. Dictionary of American Fighting Ships, Vol. IX, Navy Department, 1969.