1. 1. HM. Hasson Open techniques for equipment insertion AAGL Manual of Endoscopy1990 ; Chapter 4: 23 -29 .
2. Window for open laparoscopy
3. 3. C. J. Levinson, and A. Wattiez, Complications and safety of laparoscopy . AAGL Manual of endoscopy1990 Chapter 6:35 -41 .