Impact of low pharyngeal/esophageal pressure associated with sarcopenia on postendoscopic submucosal dissection pneumonia in patients with superficial esophageal cancer

Abstract

ObjectivesThe aging population, including patients with superficial esophageal cancer, encounters critical dysphagia‐ and postoperative pneumonia‐related issues. Although endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) provides advantages over other modalities, older patients are at higher risk of postoperative pneumonia. Furthermore, the etiologies of pneumonia are complex and include patient‐ (such as sarcopenia) and treatment‐ (including ESD) related factors. Therefore, this study evaluated swallowing function in patients with superficial esophageal cancer and identified post‐ESD pneumonia‐associated factors.MethodsComprehensive swallowing function and sarcopenia were evaluated in patients pre‐ESD and 2 months post‐ESD using high‐resolution manometry and several swallowing studies by multiple experts. The effects of mucosal resection and sarcopenia on swallowing function changes post‐ESD, the relationship between preoperative swallowing function and sarcopenia, and the factors influencing postoperative pneumonia were investigated.ResultsTwenty patients were included in the study. Patients with preoperative sarcopenia had significantly lower pharyngeal/upper esophageal sphincter and tongue pressures than those without sarcopenia. However, ESD did not worsen pharyngeal or upper esophageal pressure. Post‐ESD pneumonia incidence tended to be higher in patients with sarcopenia than in those without sarcopenia. The lower upper esophageal sphincter‐integrated relaxation pressure (UES‐IRP) was a significant factor in pneumonia development. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic curve for UES‐IRP in pneumonia yielded an area under the curve of 0.82.ConclusionsSarcopenia is associated with preoperative dysphagia, which increases post‐ESD pneumonia risk. Therefore, postoperative pneumonia incidence is expected to increase with an aging population, making preoperative sarcopenia and swallowing function evaluation crucial.