Affiliation:
1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Advanced Research in Forensic Science Florida International University Miami Florida USA
2. Department of Chemistry Miami Dade College Miami Florida USA
Abstract
AbstractThe 4‐ Aminophenol (4‐AP) colorimetric test is a fast, easy‐to‐use, and cost‐effective presumptive assay of cannabis plant material producing different chromophores with THC‐rich cannabis (blue color) and with CBD‐rich cannabis (pink color). The main drawback of the 4‐AP test is a brief observation window where the color rapidly changes to black, limiting the utility of the test. We now report for the first time, the identification of the product chromophores between 4‐AP and CBD/THC as well as propose an explanation and a solution for the color degradation of the chromophores. The identification of the chromophores is provided by spectroscopic (UV–Vis), chromatography, and mass spectrometry (TLC and LC‐QToF‐MS). Oxidation of excess 4‐AP (Reagent A) in the presence of NaOH (Reagent B) produces the black color observed for the previously reported 4‐AP tests and reported in the literature. The adjustment of reactants concentrations and volumes of 4‐AP:THC/CBD to a 1:1 ratio significantly reduces the black oxidation by‐product and increases the observation window up to 2 h instead of the previously reported 5–10 min. For the first time, mass spectrometry and chromatography confirmed that the reaction of THC and CBD with 4‐AP produced chromophores with m/z (M + H) = 420, consistent with proposed indophenol structures. The TLC method developed confirmed the separation between CBD and THC chromophores. The specificity of the test is also reported, showing false positive results for the presence of THC (blue color) for samples of thyme and oregano. LDA and SIMCA models showed that the optimized 4‐AP procedure performs better than the previously reported 4‐AP color test.
Funder
National Science Foundation
Subject
Genetics,Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Reference31 articles.
1. Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018.Pub L. 115–334 132 Stat 4908.2018.
2. Quantitative determination of CBD and THC and their acid precursors in confiscated cannabis samples by HPLC-DAD
3. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA).Resolução – Da diretoria colegiada ‐ RDC No327 de 9 de dezembro de 2019.2019. Available from:https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/‐/resolucao‐da‐diretoria‐colegiada‐rdc‐n‐327‐de‐9‐de‐dezembro‐de‐2019‐232669072. Accessed 23 May 2023
4. Chemical profiling of Cannabis varieties cultivated for medical purposes in southeastern Brazil
Cited by
1 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献