Immune‐mediated polyneuropathy in cats: Clinical description, electrodiagnostic assessment, and treatment

Author:

Van Caenegem Nicolas12ORCID,Arti Léa3,Troupel Thibaut12ORCID,Jeandel Aurélien4ORCID,Vandenberghe Hélène5ORCID,Mayousse Vincent6ORCID,Papageorgiou Stella2,Gnirs Kirsten2ORCID,Blot Stéphane12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort CHUVA, Unité de Neurologie Maisons‐Alfort France

2. Univ Paris Est Créteil INSERM, U955 IMRB “Biology of the Neuromuscular System” Team Maisons‐Alfort France

3. Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Advetia Vélizy‐Villacoublay France

4. Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Pommery Reims France

5. Highcroft Veterinary Referrals Bristol United‐Kingdom

6. Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire des Cordeliers Meaux France

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundSuspected immune‐mediated polyneuropathy has been increasingly reported in cats, especially in the last decade, but the condition remains poorly understood.ObjectivesRefine the clinical description and review the classification of this condition based on electrodiagnostic investigation and evaluate the benefit of corticosteroid treatment and L‐carnitine supplementation.AnimalsFifty‐five cats presented with signs of muscular weakness and electrodiagnostic findings consistent with polyneuropathy of unknown origin.MethodsRetrospective, multicenter study. Data from the medical records were reviewed. The owners were contacted by phone for follow‐up at the time of the study.ResultsThe male‐to‐female ratio was 2.2. The median age of onset was 10 months, with 91% of affected cats being <3 years of age. Fourteen breeds were represented in the study. The electrodiagnostic findings supported purely motor axonal polyneuropathy. Histological findings from nerve biopsies were consistent with immune‐mediated neuropathy in 87% of the tested cats. The overall prognosis for recovery was good to excellent, as all but 1 cat achieved clinical recovery, with 12% having mild sequelae and 28% having multiple episodes during their lifetime. The outcome was similar in cats with no treatment when compared with cats receiving corticosteroids or L‐carnitine supplementation.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceImmune‐mediated motor axonal polyneuropathy should be considered in young cats with muscle weakness. This condition may be similar to acute motor axonal neuropathy in Guillain‐Barré syndrome patients. Based on our results, diagnostic criteria have been proposed.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

General Veterinary

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