High‐salinity water use of euryhaline catfish Genidens genidens revealed by otolith microchemistry

Abstract

AbstractMigratory patterns of the catfish Genidens genidens in four estuaries along the Brazilian Atlantic coast are reconstructed from otolith Sr/Ca, a salinity proxy, to test estuarine‐dependency. To facilitate interpretation of this proxy in otolith core‐to‐edge profiles, a Sr/Ca Reference Value for High Salinity (RVHSSr/Ca) of 4.88 mmol/mol was established experimentally, from fish specimens reared in water with a salinity level (33 psu) between estuarine and high salinity (marine) water. All wild specimens exhibited otolith Sr/Ca values higher than RVHSSr/Ca, suggesting that G. genidens utilizes environments with marine salinity. Our results reveal highly variable environmental histories, with at least five major habitat usage patterns. Most distinctive among these, we find that (a) fish from Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC) exhibit high intraindividual heterogeneity; (b) most fish (57%) from Guanabara Bay (GB) exhibit prolonged exposure to very high salinities, often exceeding 36.5 psu levels found in some shelf sectors; and (c) some fish from Paraiba do Sul River, GB and PEC exhibit Sr/Ca values below RVHSSr/Ca consistent with estuarine residence. These results suggest that G. genidens is not strictly estuarine‐dependent.