Tropical field stations yield high conservation return on investment-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Tropical field stations yield high conservation return on investment

Published:2024-03 Issue:2 Volume:17 Page:
ISSN:1755-263X
Container-title:Conservation Letters
language:en
Short-container-title:Conservation Letters.

Author:

Eppley Timothy M.¹²³⁴^ORCID,Reuter Kim E.⁴⁵⁶,Sefczek Timothy M.⁴⁷⁸^ORCID,Tinsman Jen⁴⁸⁹^ORCID,Santini Luca¹⁰^ORCID,Hoeks Selwyn¹¹^ORCID,Andriantsaralaza Seheno⁴⁵,Shanee Sam⁴¹²¹³^ORCID,Fiore Anthony Di¹⁴¹⁵^ORCID,Setchell Joanna M.⁴¹⁶^ORCID,Strier Karen B.⁴¹⁷^ORCID,Abanyam Peter A.⁴¹⁸,Mutalib Aini Hasanah Abd⁴¹⁹^ORCID,Abwe Ekwoge³⁴²⁰,Ahmed Tanvir⁴²¹^ORCID,Ancrenaz Marc⁴²²²³^ORCID,Andriantsimanarilafy Raphali R.²⁴^ORCID,Ang Andie⁴²⁵^ORCID,Aureli Filippo⁴²⁶²⁷^ORCID,Barrett Louise²⁸²⁹^ORCID,Beehner Jacinta C.⁴³⁰³¹^ORCID,Benítez Marcela E.³²^ORCID,Bezerra Bruna M.⁴³³^ORCID,Bicca‐Marques Júlio César⁴³⁴^ORCID,Bikaba Dominique³⁵^ORCID,Bitariho Robert³⁶^ORCID,Boesch Christophe⁴³⁷^ORCID,Bolt Laura M.⁴³⁸³⁹^ORCID,Boonratana Ramesh⁴⁴⁰^ORCID,Butynski Thomas M.⁴⁴¹⁴²,Canale Gustavo R.⁴⁴³⁴⁴^ORCID,Carvalho Susana⁴⁵⁴⁶^ORCID,Chapman Colin A.⁴⁴⁷^ORCID,Chetry Dilip⁴⁴⁸^ORCID,Cheyne Susan M.⁴⁴⁹⁵⁰^ORCID,Cords Marina⁴⁵¹^ORCID,Cornejo Fanny M.⁴⁵²^ORCID,Cortés‐Ortiz Liliana⁴⁵³^ORCID,Coudrat Camille N. Z.⁴⁵⁴^ORCID,Crofoot Margaret C.⁵⁵⁵⁶⁵⁷^ORCID,Cronin Drew T.⁴⁵⁸^ORCID,Dadjo Alvine⁵⁹,Dakpogan S. Chrystelle⁴⁶⁰,Danquah Emmanuel⁶¹^ORCID,Davenport Tim R. B.⁴⁶²^ORCID,de Jong Yvonne A.⁴⁴¹⁴²^ORCID,de la Torre Stella⁴¹⁵⁶³^ORCID,Dempsey Andrea⁴⁶⁴^ORCID,Dimalibot Judeline C.⁶⁵,Dolch Rainer⁴⁶⁶,Donati Giuseppe⁴⁴⁹^ORCID,Estrada Alejandro⁴⁶⁷^ORCID,Farassi Rassina A.⁶⁸⁶⁹,Fashing Peter J.⁴⁷⁰⁷¹^ORCID,Fernandez‐Duque Eduardo⁴⁷²^ORCID,da Silva Maria J. Ferreira⁴⁷³⁷⁴⁷⁵^ORCID,Fischer Julia⁷⁶⁷⁷^ORCID,Flores‐Negrón César F.⁷⁸^ORCID,Fruth Barbara⁴⁷⁹^ORCID,Neba Terence Fuh⁴⁸⁰^ORCID,Gamalo Lief Erikson⁴⁸¹^ORCID,Ganzhorn Jörg U.⁴⁸²^ORCID,Garber Paul A.⁸³⁸⁴^ORCID,Gnanaolivu Smitha D.⁴⁸⁵⁸⁶^ORCID,Gonder Mary Katherine⁴⁸⁷^ORCID,Bi Sery Ernest Gonedelé⁴⁸⁸⁸⁹^ORCID,Goossens Benoit⁴⁹⁰⁹¹^ORCID,Gordo Marcelo⁴⁹²⁹³^ORCID,Guayasamin Juan M.⁹⁴⁹⁵^ORCID,Guzmán‐Caro Diana C.⁴⁹⁶^ORCID,Halloran Andrew R.⁴⁹⁷⁹⁸,Hartel Jessica A.⁹⁹¹⁰⁰¹⁰¹,Heymann Eckhard W.⁴¹⁰²^ORCID,Hill Russell A.¹⁶¹⁰³^ORCID,Hockings Kimberley J.⁴¹⁰⁴^ORCID,Hohmann Gottfried³⁷⁷⁹,Hon Naven¹⁰⁵,Houngbédji Mariano G.⁴⁶⁰¹⁰⁶^ORCID,Huffman Michael A.⁴¹⁰⁷^ORCID,Ikemeh Rachel A.⁴¹⁰⁸,Imong Inaoyom⁴¹⁰⁹,Irwin Mitchell T.⁴¹¹⁰¹¹¹^ORCID,Izar Patrícia⁴¹¹²^ORCID,Jerusalinsky Leandro⁴¹¹³^ORCID,Kalema‐Zikusoka Gladys⁴¹¹⁴^ORCID,Kaplin Beth A.⁴¹¹⁵¹¹⁶^ORCID,Kappeler Peter M.⁴¹⁰²¹¹⁷^ORCID,Kivai Stanislaus M.⁴¹¹⁸,Knott Cheryl D.⁴¹¹⁹¹²⁰^ORCID,Kolasartsanee Intanon⁴¹²¹,Koops Kathelijne⁴¹²²^ORCID,Kowalewski Martin M.⁴¹²³^ORCID,Kujirakwinja Deo⁴¹⁰⁹¹²⁴^ORCID,Kumar Ajith⁴¹²⁵¹²⁶,Le Quyet K.⁴¹²⁷^ORCID,Lewis Rebecca J.⁴¹⁴¹²⁸^ORCID,Lin Aung Ko⁴¹²⁹,Link Andrés⁴¹³⁰¹³¹^ORCID,Loría Luz I.⁴¹³²¹³³^ORCID,Lormie Menladi M.⁴¹³⁴^ORCID,Louis Edward E.⁴⁸¹³⁵^ORCID,Lwin Ngwe⁴¹²⁹^ORCID,Maisels Fiona⁴¹³⁶¹³⁷^ORCID,Malaivijitnond Suchinda⁴¹³⁸¹³⁹^ORCID,Marisa Lesley⁴¹⁴⁰,McCabe Gráinne M.⁴¹⁴¹^ORCID,McGraw W. Scott⁴¹⁴²^ORCID,Mekonnen Addisu⁴¹⁴³¹⁴⁴^ORCID,Méndez‐Carvajal Pedro G.⁴¹³²¹⁴⁵^ORCID,Minhós Tânia¹⁴⁶¹⁴⁷^ORCID,Montgomery David M.¹⁴⁸,Morelos‐Juárez Citlalli⁴¹⁴⁹^ORCID,Morgan Bethan J.³⁴²⁰¹³⁷^ORCID,Morgan David⁴¹⁵⁰^ORCID,Etingüe Amancio Motove¹⁵¹,Ndiaye Papa Ibnou⁴¹⁵²^ORCID,Nekaris K. Anne‐Isola⁴¹⁵³¹⁵⁴^ORCID,Nguyen Nga⁷⁰⁷¹,Nijman Vincent⁴⁴⁹¹⁵⁵^ORCID,Nishuli Radar⁴¹⁵⁶,Norconk Marilyn A.¹⁵⁷^ORCID,Oklander Luciana I.⁴¹⁵⁸¹⁵⁹^ORCID,Oktaviani Rahayu⁴¹⁶⁰¹⁶¹^ORCID,Ostner Julia¹⁶²¹⁶³^ORCID,Otali Emily⁴¹⁶⁴¹⁶⁵^ORCID,Perry Susan E.¹⁶⁶^ORCID,Ramos Eduardo J. Pinel²⁶,Porter Leila M.⁴¹¹⁰^ORCID,Pruetz Jill D.¹⁶⁷^ORCID,Pusey Anne E.¹⁶⁸^ORCID,Queiroz Helder L.¹⁶⁹^ORCID,Ramírez Mónica A.⁴¹⁷⁰^ORCID,Randriatahina Guy Hermas⁴¹⁷¹,Rasoanaivo Hoby⁵^ORCID,Ratsimbazafy Jonah⁴¹⁷²,Ratsirarson Joelisoa⁴¹⁷³,Razafindramanana Josia⁴¹⁷⁴¹⁷⁵,Razafindratsima Onja H.⁴¹⁷⁶^ORCID,Reynolds Vernon⁴¹⁷⁷¹⁷⁸^ORCID,Rizaldi Rizaldi⁴¹⁷⁹^ORCID,Robbins Martha M.⁴³⁷^ORCID,Rodríguez Melissa E.⁴¹⁸⁰^ORCID,Rosales‐Meda Marleny⁴¹⁸¹,Sanz Crickette M.⁴¹⁸²¹⁸³,Sarkar Dipto¹⁸⁴^ORCID,Savage Anne⁴¹⁸⁵^ORCID,Schreier Amy L.³⁹¹⁸⁶^ORCID,Schülke Oliver¹⁶²¹⁶³^ORCID,Segniagbeto Gabriel H.⁴¹⁸⁷¹⁸⁸^ORCID,Serio‐Silva Juan Carlos⁴¹⁸⁹^ORCID,Setiawan Arif⁴¹⁹⁰^ORCID,Seyjagat John¹⁹¹¹⁹²,Silva Felipe E.⁴¹⁶⁹¹⁹³^ORCID,Sinclair Elizabeth M.¹⁹⁴¹⁹⁵,Smith Rebecca L.⁴¹⁹⁶^ORCID,Spaan Denise²⁶¹⁹⁷^ORCID,Stewart Fiona A.⁴²⁷¹⁹⁸^ORCID,Strum Shirley C.⁴¹⁹⁹²⁰⁰^ORCID,Surbeck Martin³⁷²⁰¹^ORCID,Svensson Magdalena S.⁴⁴⁹^ORCID,Talebi Mauricio⁴²⁰²²⁰³^ORCID,Tédonzong Luc Roscelin⁴²⁰⁴²⁰⁵^ORCID,Urbani Bernardo⁴¹⁰²²⁰⁶^ORCID,Valsecchi João²⁰⁷²⁰⁸^ORCID,Vasey Natalie²^ORCID,Vogel Erin R.²⁰⁹²¹⁰^ORCID,Wallace Robert B.⁴²¹¹^ORCID,Wallis Janette⁴²¹²,Waters Siân⁴¹⁶²¹³^ORCID,Wittig Roman M.⁴²¹⁴²¹⁵^ORCID,Wrangham Richard W.⁴²¹⁶^ORCID,Wright Patricia C.⁴²¹⁷²¹⁸^ORCID,Mittermeier Russell A.⁴²¹⁹^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Wildlife Madagascar Antananarivo Madagascar

2. Department of Anthropology Portland State University Portland Oregon USA

3. Conservation Science and Wildlife Health San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance Escondido California USA

4. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group Gland Switzerland

5. Lemur Love Inc. San Diego California USA

6. College of Arts and Sciences University of San Diego San Diego California USA

7. School of Global Integrative Studies University of Nebraska–Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA

8. Center for Conservation and Research Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium Omaha Nebraska USA

9. Center for Tropical Research University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA

10. Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin” Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

11. Department of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands

12. Neotropical Primate Conservation Seaton UK

13. Asociación Neotropical Primate Conservation Perú Moyobamba Perú

14. Department of Anthropology University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA

15. Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales Universidad San Francisco de Quito‐USFQ Quito Ecuador

16. Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK

17. Department of Anthropology University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin USA

18. Wildlife Conservation Society Calabar Nigeria

19. Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Nerus Malaysia

20. Ebo Forest Research Project Douala Cameroon

21. Wildlife Research and Conservation Unit Nature Conservation Management Dhaka Bangladesh

22. HUTAN‐KOCP Kota Kinabalu Malaysia

23. Sabah Wildlife Department Kota Kinabalu Malaysia

24. Madagasikara Voakajy Antananarivo Madagascar

25. Mandai Nature Singapore Singapore

26. Instituto de Neuroetología Universidad Veracruzana Xalapa‐Enríquez México

27. School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK

28. Department of Psychology University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta Canada

29. Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystem Research Unit University of South Africa Pretoria South Africa

30. Department of Psychology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA

31. Department of Anthropology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA

32. Department of Anthropology Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA

33. Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamento e Conservação, Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil

34. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul PUCRS Porto Alegre Brazil

35. Strong Roots Congo Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo

36. Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda

37. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany

38. Department of Anthropology University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Ontario Canada

39. Maderas Rainforest Conservancy Miami Florida USA

40. Mahidol University International College Salaya Thailand

41. Lolldaiga Hills Research Programme Nanyuki Kenya

42. Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Program Nanyuki Kenya

43. Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais Federal University of Mato Grosso Sinop Brazil

44. Instituto Ecótono Sinop Brazil

45. Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, Institute of Human Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK

46. Interdisciplinary Centre for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB) Universidade do Algarve Faro Portugal

47. Biology Department Vancouver Island University Nanaimo British Columbia Canada

48. Primate Research & Conservation Division Aaranyak Guwahati India

49. School of Social Sciences Oxford Brookes University Oxford UK

50. Borneo Nature Foundation International Tremough Innovation Centre Penryn UK

51. Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York New York USA

52. Yunkawasi Lima Perú

53. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA

54. Association Anoulak, Nakai‐Nam Theun National Park Office Nakai Lao People's Democratic Republic

55. Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Konstanz Germany

56. Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany

57. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Republic of Panama

58. North Carolina Zoo Asheboro North Carolina USA

59. Cameroon Biodiversity Protection Program CAMBIO (Cameroon Biodiversity Association) Mbam Djerem Cameroon

60. Organisation pour le Développement Durable et la Biodiversité Cotonou Benin

61. Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

62. Re:Wild Arusha Tanzania

63. Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales Universidad San Francisco de Quito‐USFQ Quito Ecuador

64. West African Primate Conservation Action Accra Ghana

65. Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines Los Baños Los Baños Philippines

66. Association Mitsinjo Andasibe Madagascar

67. Estacion de Biologia Los Tuxtlas Instituto de Biologia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Veracruz México

68. Fundació UdG: Innovació i Formació Universitat de Girona Girona Spain

69. Gorongosa National Park Sofala Mozambique

70. Division of Anthropology California State University, Fullerton Fullerton California USA

71. CEES, Department of Biosciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway

72. Department of Anthropology Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA

73. BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIO Vairão Portugal

74. CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal

75. ONE ‐ Organisms and Environment Group, School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK

76. Cognitive Ethology Laboratory German Primate Center Leibniz Institute for Primate Research Göttingen Germany

77. Department of Primate Cognition Georg‐August‐Universtät Göttingen Göttingen Germany

78. San Diego Zoo Global Peru Cusco Perú

79. Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Konstanz Germany

80. WWF Central African Republic Programme Bangui Central African Republic

81. Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies, College of Science and Mathematics University of the Philippines Mindanao Davao City Philippines

82. Institute of Zoology, Animal Ecology and Conservation Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany

83. Department of Anthropology, and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign Urbana Illinois USA

84. International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation Dali University Dali China

85. The Habitats Trust Shiv Nadar Foundation Noida India

86. Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) Coimbatore India

87. Department of Biology Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA

88. UFR Biosciences Université Félix Houphouët Boigny Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire

89. Suisse de Recherches Scientifique Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire

90. Sabah Wildlife Department Danau Girang Field Centre Kota Kinabalu Malaysia

91. Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK

92. Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Brazil

93. CREATE‐NEO Project University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas USA

94. Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto Biósfera, Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva Universidad San Francisco de Quito Quito Ecuador

95. Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA

96. Conservation Bridges Bogotá Colombia

97. Save the Chimps, Inc. Fort Pierce Florida USA

98. Tonkolili Chimpanzee Project Loxahatchee Florida USA

99. Biology Department University of North Georgia Dahlonega Georgia USA

100. Kibale Chimpanzee Project Kibale National Park Fort Portal Uganda

101. Metropolitan Community College Kansas City Missouri USA

102. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center Leibniz Institute for Primate Research Göttingen Germany

103. Department of Zoology University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa

104. Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn UK

105. Conservation International‐Cambodia Phnom Penh Cambodia

106. Ecole de Foresterie et Gestion de la Faune Université Nationale d'Agriculture Porto Novo Benin

107. Wildlife Research Center Kyoto University Inuyama Japan

108. SW/Niger Delta Forest Project Abuja Nigeria

109. Wildlife Conservation Society Bronx New York USA

110. Department of Anthropology Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois USA

111. ONG SADABE Antananarivo Madagascar

112. Department of Experimental Psychology University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil

113. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio/CPB) Floresta Nacional da Restinga de Cabedelo Cabedelo Brazil

114. Conservation Through Public Health (CTPH) Entebbe Uganda

115. Center of Excellence in Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management University of Rwanda Huye Rwanda

116. School for the Environment University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts USA

117. Department Sociobiology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany

118. Institute of Primate Research National Museums of Kenya Nairobi Kenya

119. Department of Anthropology Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA

120. Gunung Palung Orangutan Conservation Program West Kalimantan Indonesia

121. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand

122. Ape Behaviour & Ecology Group, Department of Evolutionary Anthropology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland

123. Estación Biológica Corrientes ‐ Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL‐CONICET‐UNNE) Corrientes Argentina

124. Institut Supérieur du Tourisme Goma Democratic Republic of Congo

125. Centre for Wildlife Studies Bangalore India

126. Trans‐Disciplinary University Bangalore India

127. Fauna & Flora International ‐ Vietnam Programme Hanoi Vietnam

128. Ankoatsifaka Research Station Kirindy Mitea National Park Menabe Madagascar

129. Fauna & Flora International Myanmar Programme Yangon Myanmar

130. Department of Biological Sciences Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá Colombia

131. Fundación Proyecto Primates Bogotá Colombia

132. Fundación Pro‐Conservación de los Primates Panameños Panamá City Republic of Panama

133. Departamento de Suelos y Aguas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad de Panamá Sede Chiriquí Republic of Panama

134. Forestry Development Authority Whein Town, Paynesville Liberia

135. Madagascar Biodiversity Partnership NGO Antananarivo Madagascar

136. Global Conservation Program Wildlife Conservation Society Bronx New York USA

137. Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK

138. National Primate Research Center of Thailand Chulalongkorn University Saraburi Thailand

139. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand

140. Solusi University Bulawayo Zimbabwe

141. Wilder Institute/Calgary Zoo Calgary Alberta Canada

142. Department of Anthropology The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA

143. Department of Anthropology and Archaeology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada

144. Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism Management Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia

145. Grupo de Investigación de Primatología de la Universidad de Panamá (GIP‐UP) Bella Vista Republic of Panama

146. Centre for Research in Anthropology (CRIA – NOVA FCSH) Lisbon Portugal

147. Department of Anthropology School of Social Sciences and Humanities NOVA University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal

148. Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Department of Biology Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA

149. Fundación Reserva Tesoro Escondido Quito Ecuador

150. Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo Chicago Illinois USA

151. Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program Malabo Equatorial Guinea

152. Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar Senegal

153. Nocturnal Primate Research Group, School of Social Sciences Oxford Brookes University Oxford UK

154. Little Fireface Project Cipaganti Indonesia

155. Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group Oxford Brookes University Oxford UK

156. Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo

157. Department of Anthropology Kent State University Kent Ohio USA

158. Grupo de Investigación en Genética Aplicada (GIGA), Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS) Universidad Nacional de Misiones y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNAM‐CONICET) Posadas Argentina

159. Neotropical Primate Conservation Argentina Puerto Iguazu Argentina

160. Yayasan Konservasi Ekosistem Alam Nusantara (KIARA) Komplek Laladon Indah Bogor Indonesia

161. Javan Gibbons Research and Conservation Project Bogor Indonesia

162. Department of Behavioral Ecology University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany

163. Primate Social Evolution Group German Primate Center Leibniz Institute for Primate Research Göttingen Germany

164. Kibale Chimpanzee Project Makerere University Biological Field Station Fort Portal Uganda

165. Kibale Forest Schools Program Fort Portal Uganda

166. Department of Anthropology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA

167. Department of Anthropology Texas State University San Marcos Texas USA

168. Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University Durham North Carolina USA

169. Research Group on Primate Biology and Conservation Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development Tefé Brazil

170. Universidad de los Andes Bogota Colombia

171. Association Européenne pour l'Etude et la Conservation des Lémuriens Antananarivo Madagascar

172. Groupe d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates (GERP) Antananarivo Madagascar

173. Département Agroécologie, Biodiversité et Changement Climatique, ESSA Université d'Antananarivo Antananarivo Madagascar

174. IMPACT Madagascar Antananarivo Madagascar

175. Mention Anthropobiologie et Développement Durable, Faculté des Sciences Université d'Antananarivo Antananarivo Madagascar

176. Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley Berkeley California USA

177. School of Anthropology University of Oxford Oxford UK

178. Budongo Conservation Field Station Masindi Uganda

179. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Andalas University Padang Indonesia

180. Programa de Conservación Ateles de la Asociación Territorios Vivos El Salvador San Salvador El Salvador

181. Organización para la Conservación de la Naturaleza y Desarrollo Comunitario Cobán Guatemala

182. Department of Anthropology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA

183. Wildlife Conservation Society Congo Program Brazzaville Democratic Republic of Congo

184. Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada

185. Proyecto Titi, Inc. Orlando Florida USA

186. Biology Department Regis University Denver Colorado USA

187. Laboratory of Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Zoology and Animal Biology University of Lomé Lomé Togo

188. Togolese Society for Nature Conservation (AGBO‐ZEGUE NGO) Lomé Togo

189. Instituto de Ecología A.C. Xalapa México

190. SwaraOwa Coffee and Primate Conservation Project Java Indonesia

191. Zoological Society of Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain Trinidad

192. Zoological Association of America Punta Gorda Florida USA

193. Unit of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology (EBE), Département de Biologie des Organismes Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium

194. Department of Biology Purdue University Fort Wayne Fort Wayne Indiana USA

195. Bioko Marine Turtle Program Malabo Equatorial Guinea

196. Fundación Para La Tierra Pilar Paraguay

197. ConMonoMaya A.C. Chemax Mexico

198. Department of Anthropology University College London London UK

199. Uaso Ngiro Baboon Project Nairobi Kenya

200. Department of Anthropology University of California, San Diego La Jolla California USA

201. Department of Human Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA

202. Departamento de Cíências Ambientais, Lab Ecologia e Conservação da Natureza and the Programa Análise Ambiental Integrada Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil

203. Pró‐Muriqui Institute São Paulo Brazil

204. Centre for Research and Conservation Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium

205. Projet Grands Singes Yaoundé Cameroon

206. Center for Anthropology Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research Caracas Venezuela

207. Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Tefé Brazil

208. Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna) Manaus Brazil

209. Department of Anthropology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey USA

210. Center for Human Evolutionary Studies Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey USA

211. Wildlife Conservation Society Bolivia Program La Paz Bolivia

212. Kasokwa‐Kityedo Forest Project Masindi Uganda

213. Barbary Macaque Awareness and Conservation Tetouan Morocco

214. Institute for Cognitive Sciences, CNRS University of Lyon Lyon France

215. Tai Chimpanzee Project, Suisse de Recherches Scientifique Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire

216. Peabody Museum Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA

217. Institute for the Conservation of Tropical Environments Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York USA

218. Centre ValBio Ranomafana Madagascar

219. Re:Wild Austin Texas USA

Abstract

AbstractConservation funding is currently limited; cost‐effective conservation solutions are essential. We suggest that the thousands of field stations worldwide can play key roles at the frontline of biodiversity conservation and have high intrinsic value. We assessed field stations’ conservation return on investment and explored the impact of COVID‐19. We surveyed leaders of field stations across tropical regions that host primate research; 157 field stations in 56 countries responded. Respondents reported improved habitat quality and reduced hunting rates at over 80% of field stations and lower operational costs per km2 than protected areas, yet half of those surveyed have less funding now than in 2019. Spatial analyses support field station presence as reducing deforestation. These “earth observatories” provide a high return on investment; we advocate for increased support of field station programs and for governments to support their vital conservation efforts by investing accordingly.

Publisher

Wiley

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