Explaining state efforts to create Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) agreements

Author:

Mayer Martin K.1,Morris John C.2ORCID,McNamara Madeleine W.3,Zhang Xiaodan2

Affiliation:

1. Department of Political Science and Public Administration University of North Carolina at Pembroke Pembroke North Carolina USA

2. Department of Political Science Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA

3. John Lewis Public Administration Program Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana USA

Abstract

AbstractObjectivesWith the rejuvenated emphasis on nonpoint pollution under the Water Quality Act (WQA) of 1987, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began to face an onslaught of lawsuits designed to pressure the EPA to enforce the requirements of Section 319 of the WQA to address nonpoint pollution. Known as Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) agreements, the purpose of these plans was to limit the amount of polluted runoff reaching a state's waterways. While some states took a proactive stance on these plans, other states resisted the implementation of Section 319. This article seeks to understand state choices in the development and implementation of TMDL agreements.MethodsUtilizing a data set spanning state‐level data from 2000 to 2020, we test a novel cross‐sectional time series model employing the number agreements entered into by a state as the dependent variable.ResultsWe find that both political and need explanations are generally supported, while policy need explanations are somewhat more promising.ConclusionsTaken together, the models offer several insights into state choices around TMDL creation. The political model is the weakest, suggesting that TMDLs are not overtly political. Policy needs seem to play a more critical role in the preponderance of TMDL agreements than partisan politics.

Publisher

Wiley

Reference61 articles.

1. Nonpoint Source Pollution

2. Agriculture and Water Quality: A Climate‐Integrated Perspective;Adler R.;Vermont Law Review,2013

3. No Virtue Like Necessity: Dealing with Nonpoint Source Pollution and Environmental Flows in the Face of Climate Change;Andreen W.;Virginia Environmental Law Review,2016

4. Association of Interstate Water Pollution Control Administrators (AISWPCA).2004.Clean Water Act Thirty‐Year Retrospective: History and Documents Related to the Federal Statute.Washington DC:Association of Interstate Water Pollution Control Administrators (AISWPCA).

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