1. Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
2. Psychiatric and Mental Health Specialty, Nursing Department, College of Health and Sport Sciences University of Bahrain Zallaq Bahrain
3. Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
4. Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing The British University in Egypt El Sherouk City Egypt