Advanced biomedical imaging for accurate discrimination and prognostication of mediastinal masses

Author:

Mahmoudi Scherwin1ORCID,Gruenewald Leon D.1,Eichler Katrin1,Martin Simon S.1,Booz Christian1,Bernatz Simon1,Lahrsow Maximilian1,Yel Ibrahim1,Gotta Jennifer1,Biciusca Teodora1ORCID,Mohammed Hanin1,Ziegengeist Nicole Suarez1,Torgashov Katerina1,Hammerstingl Renate M.1,Sommer Christof M.2,Weber Christophe3,Almansour Haidara4,Bucolo Giuseppe5,D'Angelo Tommaso5ORCID,Scholtz Jan‐Erik1,Gruber‐Rouh Tatjana1,Vogl Thomas J.1,Koch Vitali1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany

2. Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany

3. Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany

4. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Tuebingen University Hospital Tuebingen Germany

5. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging University Hospital Messina Messina Italy

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the potential of radiomic features and dual‐source dual‐energy CT (DECT) parameters in differentiating between benign and malignant mediastinal masses and predicting patient outcomes.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we analysed data from 90 patients (38 females, mean age 51 ± 25 years) with confirmed mediastinal masses who underwent contrast‐enhanced DECT. Attenuation, radiomic features and DECT‐derived imaging parameters were evaluated by two experienced readers. We performed analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi‐square statistic tests for data comparison. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and Cox regression tests were used to differentiate between mediastinal masses.ResultsOf the 90 mediastinal masses, 49 (54%) were benign, including cases of thymic hyperplasia/thymic rebound (n = 10), mediastinitis (n = 16) and thymoma (n = 23). The remaining 41 (46%) lesions were classified as malignant, consisting of lymphoma (n = 28), mediastinal tumour (n = 4) and thymic carcinoma (n = 9). Significant differences were observed between benign and malignant mediastinal masses in all DECT‐derived parameters (p ≤ .001) and 38 radiomic features (p ≤ .044) obtained from contrast‐enhanced DECT. The combination of these methods achieved an area under the curve of .98 (95% CI, .893–1.000; p < .001) to differentiate between benign and malignant masses, with 100% sensitivity and 91% specificity. Throughout a follow‐up of 1800 days, a multiparametric model incorporating radiomic features, DECT parameters and gender showed promising prognostic power in predicting all‐cause mortality (c‐index = .8 [95% CI, .702–.890], p < .001).ConclusionsA multiparametric approach combining radiomic features and DECT‐derived imaging biomarkers allows for accurate and noninvasive differentiation between benign and malignant masses in the anterior mediastinum.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Clinical Biochemistry,Biochemistry,General Medicine

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