Role of the HLA‐G regulatory region polymorphisms in idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA)

Abstract

AbstractProblemHLA‐G polymorphisms have a functional impact on its expression and may cause a breakdown of maternal tolerance towards the semi‐allogenic fetus, resulting in recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA). This study reports on the association of HLA‐G regulatory region polymorphisms with idiopathic RSA.MethodsSeventy‐five couples with ≥2 spontaneous abortions were recruited in comparison to 75 healthy couples who had normal pregnancies. About 5 mL of blood samples were collected from all the participants, and DNA was extracted. Screening of HLA‐G 5′‐upstream regulatory region (5′‐URR) was done by direct sequencing in 50 each of RSA and healthy couples, respectively. The 14 bp deletion/insertion polymorphism in the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) was genotyped in 75 each of RSA and healthy couples, respectively, by PCR amplification of HLA‐G exon 8. MedCalc, GraphPad Prism, Haploview, PLINK, and multifactor dimensionality reduction were used to analyze the data.ResultsHLA‐G screening revealed the presence of −762C/T, −725C/G, −716T/G, −689A/G, −486C/A, and −477C/G single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5′‐URR. At positions −762 and −477, the frequency of CC homozygotes was significantly higher in controls compared to the patients. The 14 bp deletion/insertion polymorphism in the 3′‐UTR showed an association with RSA with the heterozygous genotype being significantly higher in RSA compared to controls.ConclusionsThe study indicates a protective role of the CC genotypes of the two HLA‐G 5’‐URR polymorphisms, −762C/T and −477C/G, against RSA. It also suggests that women with the 14 bp deletion/insertion genotype have a significantly higher risk of RSA.