Defensive‐lipid droplets: Cellular organelles designed for antimicrobial immunity

Author:

Safi Rémi12ORCID,Sánchez‐Álvarez Miguel34,Bosch Marta15,Demangel Caroline6ORCID,Parton Robert G.78,Pol Albert159ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Spain

2. Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute Barcelona Spain

3. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Madrid Spain

4. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIB) Madrid Spain

5. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain

6. Immunobiology and Therapy Unit Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224 Paris France

7. Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) Brisbane Queensland Australia

8. Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (CMM) University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia

9. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Barcelona Spain

Abstract

SummaryMicrobes have developed many strategies to subvert host organisms, which, in turn, evolved several innate immune responses. As major lipid storage organelles of eukaryotes, lipid droplets (LDs) are an attractive source of nutrients for invaders. Intracellular viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites induce and physically interact with LDs, and the current view is that they “hijack” LDs to draw on substrates for host colonization. This dogma has been challenged by the recent demonstration that LDs are endowed with a protein‐mediated antibiotic activity, which is upregulated in response to danger signals and sepsis. Dependence on host nutrients could be a generic “Achilles’ heel” of intracellular pathogens and LDs a suitable chokepoint harnessed by innate immunity to organize a front‐line defense. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the state of the conflict and discuss potential mechanisms driving the formation of the ‘defensive‐LDs’ functioning as hubs of innate immunity.

Funder

Australian Research Council

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Lady Tata Memorial Trust

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Immunology,Immunology and Allergy

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