Author:
CARSTENSEN EDWIN L.,DUCK FRANCES A.,MELTZER RICHARD S.,SCHWARZ KARL Q.,KELLER BRADLEY
Subject
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Reference48 articles.
1. Measurement of enhanced heating due to ultrasound absorption in the presence of nonlinear propagation
2. Computed estimates of maximum temperature elevations in fetal tissues during transabdominal pulsed Doppler examinations
3. 4. The spatial rate of change of the intensity in a real sound beam with focusing and diffraction is much more complex than is indicated by this expression. Specific cases can be evaluated experimentally through measurements in water using a hydrophone. The fields in water and tissue are similar except that in water, there is negligible absorption. The water measurements, therefore, can be extrapolated to tissue to a good approximation by using Equation 1 in which I0is interpreted now as the water value of the field at point x measured from the source and alpha is the absorption coefficient of the propagating medium. At high intensity levels, prediction of the intensity and the heat production is further complicated by nonlinear propagation that tends to increase the losses in the medium. All of these complicating factors are discussed in reference 2.
4. Surface heating of diagnostic ultrasound transducers
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