1. Ecology and Genetics Research Unit University of Oulu FI‐90014 Finland Oulu
2. Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of Helsinki FI‐00014 Finland Helsinki
3. Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology N‐7491 Trondheim Norway
4. Friendship Park Research Centre Finnish Environment Institute FI‐88900 Kuhmo Finland
5. Kaitoväylä 25 A 6 90570 Oulu Finland
6. Centre for Biodiversity Genomics University of Guelph Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada
7. Department of Biosciences Metapopulation Research Center University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland