1. 1Quoted inIvo H. Daalder, and James M. Lindsay , America unbound: the Bush revolution in foreign policy (Washington: Brookings Institution, 2003 ), p.5 .
2. 2John Kampfner , Blair's wars (London: Free Press, 2004 ), p.9 .
3. 3Kampfner's calculation, writing in 2003, is 'five times in six years': Iraq (1998 and 2003), Kosovo (1999), Sierra Leone (2000) and Afghanistan (2002). If Kampfner's broad definition of war is used, then his list is incomplete. It ought to include deployments to the INTERFET operation in East Timor (1999) and the participation in the EU-led peace support operation in the Democratic Republic of Congo (2003). I am grateful to Paul Williams for pointing this out.
4. 4At the time when the House of Commons passed a motion in favour of going to war, MORI published a poll that found 67% of those surveyed opposed war if there were no second UN resolution, and if the UN inspectors did not find 'proof' that Iraq was hiding weapons of mass destruction. Had both these conditions been present, 74% would have favoured war. MORI poll, 2003 . Sample: 968 British adults interviewed 14-16 March 2003. At http://www.mori.com/polls/2003/iraq3.shtml.
5. 5Tony Blair's words: BBC News, 2002 , at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/2239887.stm.