1. 1. For an account of the problems of the independent trade unions in Russia see, Clarke Simon, Fairbrother Peter, and Borisov Vadim , The Workers' Movement in Russia, Edward Elgar, forthcoming1995 . For an overview of the development of independent trade unions across Eastern Europe see, Sarah Ashwin, 'Trade Unions After the Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe and Russia',Journal of Area Studies, no. 5, December 1994.
2. 2. Clarke Simon , What About the Workers? Workers and the Transition to Capitalism in Russia , Verso, 1993 , p.93 .
3. 3. Ibid., p.193 .