1. 3. Millward, and Stevens , op. cit., p.69 -71 .
2. 4. The next section is very much based onP. B. Beaumont, and R. Harris , 'The Organising Process: Contemporary Challenges and Union Responses in Britain',Proceedings of the Industrial Relations Research Association. Atlanta, 1989 .
3. 5. See, for example. G. S. Bain , The Growth of White Collar Unionism . Oxford University Press, 1970 , p.93 .