1. CHARLES W. CALOMIRIS is the Henry Kaufman Professor of Finance and Banking, as well as Director of the Program for Financial Studies, at the Columbia Business School. He is also a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, a book fellow at the Manhattan Institute, the principal investigator for the Manhattan Institute Project on the Costs and Benefits of Bank Regulation Since 2008, and Co-director of the Hoover Institution Program on Regulation and the Rule of Law.