1. Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana 32 Campus Drive, H.S. 104 Missoula MT 59812 USA
2. Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 USA
3. Department of Biology University of British Columbia‐Okanagan Kelowna BC V1V 1V7 Canada
4. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Missoula MT 59081 USA