1. Laboratory of Ecological Systems (ECOS); Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL; School of Architecture; Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC); Station 2 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
2. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest; Snow and Landscape Research (WSL); Site Lausanne; Station 2 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
3. Department of Integrative Biology; University of Guelph; Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada
4. Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management; University of California Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
5. Department of Biology; York University; Toronto ON M3J 2R7 Canada