Bone Healing and Clinical Outcome Following Medial Opening‐wedge High Tibial Osteotomy Using Wedge‐Shaped Cancellous Allograft

Abstract

ObjectiveMedial opening‐wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) is considered to be an effective treatment for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA) of isolated the medial compartment with varus alignment of the lower extremity. However, the choice of material to fill the void remains controversial. This study aims to evaluate the bone union of the osteotomy gap using a novel wedge‐shaped cancellous allograft after MOWHTO and its effect on clinical outcomes.MethodsAll patients who underwent MOWHTO using a novel wedge‐shaped cancellous allograft combined with TomoFix locking compression plate (LCP) fixation between January 2016 and July 2020 were enrolled. The radiographic parameters including hip‐knee‐ankle angle (HKAA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), femorotibial angle (FTA) and posterior tibial slope angle (PTSA) were measured between pre‐operative and post‐operative radiographs. Knee Society score (KSS) and range of motion (ROM) were assessed preoperatively and at last follow‐up. Patients included in this study were divided into two groups according to the correction angle: small correction group (< 10°; SC group) and large correction group (≥ 10°; LC group). The modified Radiographic Union score for tibial fractures (mRUST) was used to assess the difference in bone healing between the two groups at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and at the final follow‐up. A paired student's t test was conducted for comparison of differences of the relevant data pre‐operatively and post‐operatively.ResultsA total of 82 patients (88 knees) were included in this study. The HKAA, MPTA, FTA and PTSA increased from −6.4° ± 3.0°, 85.1° ± 2.6°, 180.1° ± 3.2° and 7.7° ± 4.4° preoperatively to 1.2° ± 4.3° (p < 0.001), 94.4° ± 3.3° (p < 0.001), 171.0° ± 2.8° and 11.8° ± 5.8° (p < 0.001) immediately postoperatively, respectively. However, no significant statistic difference was found in above‐mentioned parameters at last follow‐up compared to immediate postoperative data (p > 0.05). All patients in this study achieved good bone healing at the final follow‐up and no significant differences in mRUST scores were seen between the SC group and LC group. The KSS‐Knee score and KSS‐Function score improved significantly from 55.4 ± 3.7 and 63.3 ± 4.6 preoperatively to 86.4 ± 2.8 (p < 0.001) and 89.6 ± 2.9 (p < 0.001) at last follow‐up, respectively. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in ROM between pre‐operation and last follow‐up (p > 0.05).ConclusionFor MOWHTO, the wedge‐shaped cancellous allograft was a reliable choice for providing good bone healing and clinical outcomes.