Recognition Memory for Interior Spaces with Biomorphic or Non–Biomorphic Interior Architectural Elements

Abstract

In our study, the primary goal was to gain insights into cognition by measuring spatial memorability for two different types of approaches to geometry in interior design (biomorphic design and non–biomorphic rectilinear design). To better understand the processes behind the memorability differences, we also looked at how spatial memorability interacted with visual attention and spatial pleasantness. After extensive pre–testing, two standardized photographic stimulus sets were created and used during the experiment, controlling for variables such as novelty, complexity, pleasantness, and the number and density of interior architectural elements. Each stimulus set contained equal numbers of photographs with biomorphic elements and photographs with non–biomorphic elements. Subjects ( N = 68 students, mean age = 25.4 years) viewed the first stimulus set, then were given a “distractor” task. Next, subjects viewed the second stimulus set, and for each photograph indicated whether the image was one they had seen or whether it was new. Visual attention for each photograph was monitored using eye–tracking technology, and subjects also rated the pleasantness of each environment. The data were analyzed to test for the relative strength of memorability between environments with biomorphic elements and non–biomorphic elements, as well as the links between recognition memory, visual attention, and pleasantness. The results suggest that interior spaces with biomorphic elements positively contribute to spatial memorability, are found to be more pleasant, and increase visual attention.