1. Department of Nursing; Tzu Chi College of Technology; Hualien City Taiwan
2. School of Nursing; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
3. Faculty of Health and Social Care; University of Hull; UK
4. The School of Nursing & Midwifery; The University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
5. Department of Nursing; Tzu Chi University; Hualien City Taiwan