1. Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases; Kiffa Regional Hospital; Assaba Mauritania
2. School of Medicine; National Institute of Hepatology-Virology in Nouakchott; Nouakchott Mauritania
3. Outpatient Department; Hospital Center of Nouakchott; Nouakchott Mauritania
4. Department of Infectious Diseases; University Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouédrago; Ouagadougou Burkina Faso
5. Research Unit of Emerging Infectious and Tropical Diseases (URMITE); Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 198; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire - Méditerranée Infection; Aix-Marseille University; Marseille France