Affiliation:
1. Center for Clinical Research and Prevention Copenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Copenhagen Denmark
2. Steno Diabetes Center Sjaelland, Den Regionale Enhed Holbæk Denmark
3. Children's Hospital Copenhagen and Juliane Marie Centre Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
4. School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
5. Health Promotion Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen Herlev Denmark
6. National Institute of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
7. Novo Nordisk A/S, Global Chief Medical Office Soeborg Denmark
8. Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
9. Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
10. School of Psychology Deakin University Geelong Australia
Abstract
SummaryAimsThe purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to investigate the effects of family‐based health promotion interventions on child‐level risk factors for type 2 diabetes in vulnerable families.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) checklist for systematic reviews formed the methodological framework. CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched on January 12, 2024. The NTP‐OHAT Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the individual studies, and meta‐analyses were performed.ResultsThe 4723 studies were identified, and 55 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results showed significant effects on children's body mass index (mean difference [MD], −0.18, 95% CI [−0.33 to −0.03], p = 0.02), body fat percentage (MD, −2.00, 95% CI [−3.31 to −0.69], p = 0.003), daily activity (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.23, 95% CI [0.01; 0.44], p = 0.04), physical activity self‐efficacy (SMD, 0.73, 95% CI [0.36 to 1.10], p < 0.01), intake of snacks (MD, −0.10, 95% CI [−0.17 to −0.04], p = 0.002), and sugar‐sweetened beverages (SMD, −0.21, 95% CI [−0.42 to −0.01], p = 0.04). Subgroup analyses suggested that interventions aiming to change child and parent behavior simultaneously have larger effect on fasting glucose and nutrition consumption, and that interventions longer than 26 weeks have larger effects on body composition and physical activity behavior than shorter interventions.