1. Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
2. Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH
3. College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; King Abdulaziz Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
4. Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre, Professor and Chair of Biomaterials Science, Director of Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, and City of Turku; Welfare Division; Turku Finland