Analysis of >3400 worldwide eggplant accessions reveals two independent domestication events and multiple migration‐diversification routes

Author:

Barchi Lorenzo1ORCID,Aprea Giuseppe2,Rabanus‐Wallace M. Timothy34,Toppino Laura5,Alonso David6,Portis Ezio1,Lanteri Sergio1,Gaccione Luciana1,Omondi Emmanuel7,van Zonneveld Maarten7,Schafleitner Roland7,Ferrante Paola2,Börner Andreas3,Stein Nils38ORCID,Díez Maria José6,Lefebvre Veronique9ORCID,Salinier Jérémy910,Boyaci Hatice Filiz11,Finkers Richard1213,Brouwer Matthijs12,Bovy Arnaud G.12ORCID,Rotino Giuseppe Leonardo5,Prohens Jaime6,Giuliano Giovanni2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. DISAFA – Plant Genetics University of Turin Grugliasco Torino 10095 Italy

2. ENEA, Casaccia Res Ctr Via Anguillarese 301 Rome 00123 Italy

3. Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Corrensstr. 3 Seeland OT Gatersleben 06466 Germany

4. Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of Melbourne Parkville Australia

5. CREA, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics Via Paullese 28 Montanaso Lombardo LO 26836 Italy

6. Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera 14 Valencia 46022 Spain

7. The World Vegetable Centre Tainan City Taiwan

8. Department of Crop Sciences, Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed) Georg‐August‐University Von Siebold Str. 8 Göttingen 37075 Germany

9. INRAE, GAFL Montfavet F‐84140 France

10. CIRAD La Réunion et Mayotte UMR PVBMT Saint‐Pierre La Réunion France

11. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture University of Recep Tayyip Erdogan Rize Turkey

12. Wageningen University & Research WUR Wageningen The Netherlands

13. GenNovation B.V. Wageningen The Netherlands

Abstract

SUMMARYEggplant (Solanum melongena) is an important Solanaceous crop, widely cultivated and consumed in Asia, the Mediterranean basin, and Southeast Europe. Its domestication centers and migration and diversification routes are still a matter of debate. We report the largest georeferenced and genotyped collection to this date for eggplant and its wild relatives, consisting of 3499 accessions from seven worldwide genebanks, originating from 105 countries in five continents. The combination of genotypic and passport data points to the existence of at least two main centers of domestication, in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent, with limited genetic exchange between them. The wild and weedy eggplant ancestor S. insanum shows admixture with domesticated S. melongena, similar to what was described for other fruit‐bearing Solanaceous crops such as tomato and pepper and their wild ancestors. After domestication, migration and admixture of eggplant populations from different regions have been less conspicuous with respect to tomato and pepper, thus better preserving ‘local’ phenotypic characteristics. The data allowed the identification of misclassified and putatively duplicated accessions, facilitating genebank management. All the genetic, phenotypic, and passport data have been deposited in the Open Access G2P‐SOL database, and constitute an invaluable resource for understanding the domestication, migration and diversification of this cosmopolitan vegetable.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Cell Biology,Plant Science,Genetics

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