Affiliation:
1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Applied and Health Sciences A'Sharqiyah University Ibra Sultanate of Oman
2. Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
Abstract
AbstractThe major efforts to improve feed conversion, increase the body weight and breast muscle yield of broilers have been focused on feeding and management at the post hatch period. However, incubation temperature is the most significant factor for the egg hatching rate, chick quality, and post hatch performance. Therefore, incubation factors affecting the performance should be taken with necessary precautions. Incubation temperature not only affects the early development of the hatchlings but also has a lasting impact on the characteristics of the chicks, such as final body weight and meat quality traits. This article provides an overview about embryonic thermal manipulation (TM) of domestic fowls and review the lucrative and deleterious effects of embryonic TM on embryo development, muscle growth, thermotolerance acquisition, and immunity.
Subject
Animal Science and Zoology,Food Animals
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