1. United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM). 2002.Empower Women, Halt HIV/AIDS. New York, NY: UNIFEM. Available at: http://www.genderandaids.org/downloads/topics/UNIFEM%20empower%20women%20halt%20hiv.pdf[Accessed 23 Jan 2006].
2. Study by Johns Hopkins and the National AIDS Research Institute in Pune, India (1996), on HIV+ women patients, who were not sex-workers, almost all married and their only sex partners were their husbands.
3. In the one billion plus current population of India (2001 census), the national sex ratio is still 933 women per 1000 men (946 : 1000 in rural India and 900 : 1000 in cities), and as low as 820 per 1000 in certain regions.
4. For this reason, some women activist groups in India (Self Employed Women's Association - SEWA) advocate that the role and value of a rural woman as a domestic helper should be recognized and appreciated in the national work estimate.
5. Earlier, HIV surveillance surveys, e.g. Indian Council of Medical Research Survey (1998) were conducted among isolated social groups perceived to be 'at high risk', e.g. sex-workers.