Comparative evaluation of gingival fibroblast growth on 3D‐printed and milled zirconia: An in vitro study

Abstract

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyze the fibroblast growth and proliferation on 3D‐printed zirconia in presence and absence of porosities.Material and methodsA total of 40 bars (8 × 4 × 3) were included in this study. Thirty 3D‐printed and 10 milled zirconia samples were prepared. The 3D‐printed samples had different porosities, 0% (PZ0), 20% (PZ20), and 40% (PZ40) with 10 specimens in each group. Milled zirconia samples were used as the control (MZ). Rat gingival fibroblasts were cultured for 48 h, and the proliferation of fibroblasts on each sample in each group (n = 10) was determined by MTT assays. The differences among the four groups were compared by one‐way ANOVA. To test the significance of the observed differences between two groups, an unpaired Student's t‐test was applied. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Qualitative analysis for the cell culture was performed using scanning electron microscopy.ResultsOne‐way ANOVA showed that the numbers of the fibroblasts among the four groups had a statistical difference. Post hoc Bonferroni test revealed that there was no significant difference between PZ0 and MZ; however, all other groups and among groups were significantly different.ConclusionsFibroblasts had a better affinity toward the MZ and PZ0 in a short period of cell culture time.